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Functional role for suppression of the insular-striatal circuit in modulating interoceptive effects of alcohol. Neurobiology of opioid addiction: opponent process, hyperkatifeia, and negative reinforcement. The addicted synapse: mechanisms of synaptic and structural plasticity in nucleus accumbens. Drug wanting: behavioral sensitization and relapse to drug-seeking behavior. Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Molecular and cellular basis of addiction. An influential opinion piece that popularized the notion of addiction as a brain disease. Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters. Responsibility without blame for addiction. Time to connect: bringing social context into addiction neuroscience. The role of science in addressing the opioid crisis. (American Psychiatric Association Publishing Incorporated, 2013).Ĭarvalho, A.
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#BACKWARDS TRANSLATOR MANUAL#
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. These reverse-translated ‘treatments’ may provide an ecologically relevant platform from which to discover new circuits, test new medications and improve translation.Īssociation, A. We then propose a reverse translational approach, whose goal is to develop models that mimic successful treatments: opioid agonist maintenance, contingency management and the community-reinforcement approach. Here we first summarize behavioural and neurobiological results from the animal models mentioned above.
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This problem is not unique to addiction neuroscience, but it is an increasing source of disappointment and calls to regroup. Combined with new technologies, these models advanced our understanding of brain mechanisms of drug self-administration and relapse, but these mechanistic gains have not led to improvements in addiction treatment. Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking, intermittent drug access, choice between drug and non-drug rewards, and assessment of individual differences based on criteria in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).